In today’s evolving cybercrime landscape, Initial Access Brokers (IABs) have emerged as one of the most critical and low-profile players. These actors don’t run ransomware campaigns or steal data themselves. Instead, they focus on the first step: breaking into networks and systems, then selling that access to other threat actors.
By specializing in entry points, IABs avoid the risks of launching full-blown attacks while still turning a profit. Their access is often sold to Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) affiliates, data extortion groups, or credential thieves—making IABs the first domino in a chain of cybercrime.
How Initial Access Brokers Operate
IABs typically gain unauthorized access by exploiting weak passwords, brute-force attacks, phishing, or exploiting vulnerabilities in public-facing services. Once inside, they sell this access on underground markets, especially on the dark web.
This business model enables them to operate discreetly. Since they avoid carrying out the final stages of the attack, their activities attract less law enforcement scrutiny. Some work independently, while others operate as part of larger RaaS operations, making them an integral part of the cybercriminal supply chain.
Access is priced based on several factors: the size of the company, the level of access (admin or user), and the value of the data or network they’ve breached. In most cases, this happens entirely in private forums and encrypted chat channels.
Why IABs Are on the Rise
The rise of Initial Access Brokers is closely tied to the explosive growth of RaaS operations. By outsourcing the complex, risky, and time-consuming process of gaining a foothold, ransomware groups can focus purely on data encryption and extortion.
This has created a symbiotic relationship. RaaS operators get quick access to compromised environments, and IABs benefit from a steady stream of demand—without needing to advertise or draw attention. Many now work directly with RaaS affiliates, enabling almost instant ransomware deployments once access is obtained.
Their low-profile model, paired with high utility and fast transactions, is fueling the rapid growth of IABs across the threat landscape.
Who Are They Targeting in 2025?
While the business services sector was the top target in 2023—accounting for 29% of attacks—it dropped to just 13% in 2025. This shift signals a broader targeting strategy, with IABs now diversifying across industries rather than concentrating on a single vertical.
The United States remains the most targeted country due to its concentration of high-value organizations. However, Brazil and France have moved up the list, reflecting increasing attacker interest in these regions.
As IABs expand their operations, smaller businesses and diverse sectors are increasingly at risk—especially those with under-resourced cybersecurity defenses.
How Much Does Access Cost?
The pricing model used by Initial Access Brokers has also changed. In 2023, access deals averaged around $1,979, with most listings under $3,000. Some high-value targets reached tens of thousands, but these were rare.
In 2025, we’re seeing a clear shift toward volume. About 58% of access listings now cost under $1,000, and 86% are priced below $3,000. Despite this, the average price increased to $2,047—skewed by a handful of extremely high-value sales.
This trend indicates a strategic pivot. IABs are choosing to sell more access at lower prices rather than chase fewer big-ticket sales. With larger numbers of targets, they can scale their income while helping ransomware groups launch more attacks with minimal delay.
As IABs refine their tactics and deepen ties with RaaS groups, their role in cybercrime will only grow. Their services are becoming faster, cheaper, and more widespread, increasing the threat to both large enterprises and smaller organizations.
Expect smaller businesses to face more attacks, as IABs lower entry costs for malicious actors. These smaller targets are often less protected, making them ideal victims for ransomware deployment.
With IABs now focusing on speed, stealth, and scale, organizations must strengthen defenses. That includes:
- Real-time threat intelligence
- Monitoring for initial access TTPs
- Employee training to reduce social engineering risks
- Regular security audits and patch management
Initial Access Brokers are no longer a background player—they’re the gateway to most modern cyberattacks.
Understanding their methods, pricing, and targets is essential for building proactive cybersecurity strategies in 2025 and beyond.
